Everything about Roshchino totally explained
Roshchino (; ), before 1948–
Raivola, is an
urban-type settlement in
Vyborgsky District of
Leningrad Oblast,
Russia, and a station on
Saint Petersburg-Vyborg railroad. It is situated on the
Karelian Isthmus 60 km north-west of St. Petersburg, approximately half-way to
Vyborg. In wooded areas surrounding Roshchino there are multiple
marshes and small
lakes.
Lintula larch forest is located some three kilometers to the west from the railroad station.
Population: 9,393 (
2002 Census); 8,436 (
1989 Census).
History
Raivola was first shown on
maps of
Finland in the
16th century . After
1812 it was under jurisdiction of
Grand Duchy of Finland being part of
Russian Empire. The mixed
Russian-
Finnish population of the area was engaged in
agriculture. Around
1802 count Saltykov resettled some 609 of his subjects from the
Orlov region to the area to meet growing manpower demands for his iron works; in addition to the
iron foundry maps of mid-
19th century show also
sawmill. After the railroad to Helsinki was opened by
czar Alexander II in
1870, Raivola was used for changing of
locomotive crews. Establishment of the railroad station turned Raivola into
suburb of St. Petersburg and development of the area continued with construction of summer
cottages. By end of the century the population stood around 2,000, of which 169 were Finns. The village had shops, warehouses, two (Finnish and Russian) schools, and
Russian Orthodox church of
St. Nicholas with library and medical facility. Also
hydro-electric power station and
telephone station were established. The importance of the local railway station was eclipsed by
Terijoki where Finnish
customs depot was established in
1911
In first quarter of the
20th century Raivola was a summer home to
Finnish-
Swedish family of
modernist poet Edith Södergran who died in Raivola in
1923.
After the Russian
October Revolution and
independence of Finland, Raivola was recognized as part of
Finnish Karelia by articles of
Treaty of Tartu in
1920, and the majority of Russian inhabitants have left. The
Soviet Union gained control of Raivola following
Winter War in
1940. Soviet government's decree of
May 28,
1940 provided for establishment of
collective farms and resettlement of Russians from
Yaroslavl Oblast. Plans of
Stalin's government also included forced
population transfer of native Finns (116 people, mostly sick and elderly) to
Kazakhstan however were disrupted by the
Nazi invasion. Finland has joined hostilities hoping to reverse losses of 1940 but as result of the war the USSR regained Raivola by
Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. In 1948, the village was renamed as
Roshchino and again became suburb of Leningrad (the railroad was
electrified in
1954) with seasonal swelling of population due to widespread construction of summer cottages, development of privately owned and leased
garden plots, establishment of recreational facilities, and youth
summer camps.
Lintula Larch Forest
The Lintula
Larch Forest (
Korabelnaya roshcha, lit.
shipbuilding timber grove, or Линдуловская лиственничная роща; ) had a major impact on the cultivation of larch throughout the world and is considered one of the most important cultivated forests in northern
Europe . It was established by order of
Peter the Great to supply the
Russian Navy with shipbuilding timber. Ferdinand Gabriel Fockel, a
German forest expert, established the oldest stands in
1738–
1750 with seedlings of
European Larch (
Larix decidua) from the province of
Arkhangelsk. Since then the area of the forest has expanded and currently the total area of larch is 55.9 ha (23.5 ha of the 'old stands' established before 1851 still remain).
Possible origins of name
- Two versions explaining the origins of the name Raivola exist: one using Finnish verb raivata, which means "to clean" or "to grub out", and second deriving from the adjective raivo—"mad", possibly alluding to the riding style of Russian coachmen, settled here in time of Peter the Great. The latter version is less likely since the coach station and adjacent residences were located not in Raivola but in neighboring Kivennapa.
- Name Roshchino used after 1948 is derived from "" (roshcha, meaning "grove") referring to the Lintula larch grove.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Roshchino'.
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